January 14

1236 – Henry III marries Eleanor of Provence

1526 – Francis of France and Charles V sign the Treaty of Madrid, forcing Francis to give up the majority of his claims in France and Italy

1559 – Elizabeth I, “The Virgin Queen,” is crowned Queen of England

1639 – The first constitution in the American colonies, the “Fundamental Orders,” is adopted by representatives of Wethersfield, Windsor, and Hartford

1641 – 7,000 are killed when the United East Indian Company conquers Malacca

1730 – Signer of the Declaration of Independence, William Whipple, is born

1741 – American colonial General turned traitor, Benedict Arnold, is born

1797 – Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at Rivoli

1784 – Continental Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris, ending the Revolutionary War

1858 – An Italian assassin throws a bomb at the carriage of Emperor Napoleon and Empress Eugenie as they travel to the Paris Opera, but they are unharmed

1860 – Under disagreement, the US House of Representatives Committee of Thirty-Three submits a proposed constitutional amendment protecting slavery in all areas where it already existed

1864 – Confederate President Jefferson Davis writes to General Joseph Johnson, noting that troops might need to be sent to Alabama or Mississippi

1875 – French theologian, Dr. Albert Schweitzer is born

1891 – General Nelson Miles, commander of the US Army troops in South Dakota, report that the Sioux Indians are returning to their reservation following the massacre at Wounded Knee

1898 – English author, Lewis Carroll dies

1901 – English historian and bishop, Mandell Creighton dies

1911 – The largest US battleship, the USS Arkansas is launched from the New York Shipbuilding Company

1915 – The French abandon five miles of trenches to the Germans near Soissons

1915 – South Africa sends troops to occupy Swakopmund, a German-occupied seaside town in Southwest Africa

1916 – British authorities seize German attaché Franz von Papen’s financial records confirming espionage activities in the US

1917 – A Provisional Parliament is established in Poland

1919 – American humorist, author and television personality, Andy Rooney, is born

1920 – Berlin goes into martial law as 40,000 radicals rush the Reichstag. 42 are killed and 105 injured

1920 – John Dodge, co-founder of the Dodge Brothers Company which will later become part of Chrysler, dies

1940 – Civil rights leader and Georgia state senator, Julian Bond, is born

1942 – President Franklin Roosevelt orders all German, Italian and Japanese aliens in the US to register with the government

1942 – The US and Great Britain agree to have the British Chiefs of Staff and the US Joint Chiefs work together to advise the leaders of both nations on military policy during the war

1943 – Italian occupation authorities refuse to deport Jews living in their territories in France

1943 – President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet in Casablanca, Morocco to discuss the next phase of the war

1943 – Franklin Roosevelt becomes the first president to travel on official business by airplane

1944 – Journalist Nina Totenberg is born

1947 – Author and historian, Taylor Branch is born

1948 – Musician, songwriter, and Grammy-winning producer, T Bone Burnett is born

1950 – Indian religious leader, Rambhadracharya is born

1952 – Author and Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist, Maureen Dowd is born

1953 – Tito formally becomes the first president of the Republic of Yugoslavia

1954 – Hollywood star Marilyn Monroe marries baseball star, Joe DiMaggio

1957 – American actor, Humphrey Bogart dies

1963 – George Wallace is inaugurated as the governor of Alabama under the slogan of “segregation forever”

1963 – American director, screenwriter, and producer Steven Soderbergh is born

1964 – Lieutenant General William Westmoreland is appointed deputy to General Paul Harkins, chief of US Military Assistance Command Vietnam

1967 – The Summer of Love is launched with the Human Be-In in San Francisco

1968 – Rapper and actor, LL Cool J is born

1968 – Operation Niagara is launched to support the US Marine base in Khe Sanh

1969 – A blast caused by an accidental rocket detonation on the US carrier Enterprise in the Pacific results in 27 dead and over 300 injured and 15 planes were lost

1969 – American singer-songwriter, musician, and director, Dave Grohl is born

1973 – The Miami Dolphins defeat the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl VII, becoming the first team in National Football League history to finish with an undefeated season

1977 – Prime Minister of the UK, Anthony Eden dies

1980 – The UN voted to “deplore” the Soviet aggression in Afghanistan

1980 – Gold, after being released from government control, reaches a new record price, exceeding $800 an ounce

1990 – The Simpsons premieres

2000 – UN tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats to prison for up to 25 years after they were charged with killing at least 100 Muslims in a Bosnian village in 1993

2004 – The Republic of Georgia restores the “five cross flag” as its national flag after over 500 years of disuse

2005 – Huygens probe lands on Saturn’s moon Titan

2008 – The first elected Indian-American governor in the US, Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, takes office

2010 – Yemen declares war on al-Qaeda

2011 – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, former president of Tunisia, flees to Saudi Arabia after a series of demonstrations against his regime

2016 – English actor, Alan Rickman dies